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Breeding Journal, Species: Paracanthurus hepatus
Monday, November 21, 2011 11:50 PM
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Breeding Journal DataSheet
This first post should be updated regularly to include new information as events take place or changes are made to your system General Species: Paracanthurus hepatus Social Structure: Pair Size of Individuals: 6" Age of Individuals: Unknown, approx 3 years Date added to Tank: December 2009 Broodstock Tank Details Size of Tank: 1800mm x 600mm x 600mm Substrate Details: Course Agronite Filtration Details: Skimmer, Live Rock, Macro Algae, Carbon, GFO Water Changes: 100L weekly (15%) Water Temperature: 26.5C Lighting: LED 50% white, 50% blue. Sunrise and Sunset via Red/Blue LED strip Lighting Cycle: 7am to 8pm. Fade in and fade out. Other Tank Inhabitants: Reef tank, with other Tangs, clowns, Anthia, chromis etc Broodstock Feeding Details Food Types: Spectrum Thera A+, Spectrum Salt H20 flakes, Enriched Brine Shrimp, Marine Green, Spirulina Flakes, Norrie, Home Made Mash (prawn, pipi clam, white bait, squid, garlic, norrie etc). Occasional live brine shrimp Feeding Schedule: Morning and night. Pellets followed 10 minutes later with defrosted frozen food mix. Spawning Details Date of First Spawn: May 2011 photos below from 11/23/2011, 11/26/2011 Spawn Time of Day: Evening, as lights go out approx 7:00-7:15 (main lights start to turn off at 7:45 and are completely off by 8:00). Moonlight with sunset, comes on at 6pm and is at peak brightness at 7:45, fades to 11pm.) Dates of Consecutive Spawns: About every 10-14 days. Though, sometimes this can be several nights in a week, then a break for a week or so. Since the start of this journal, every two to three days has become the norm. It may be that I was only noticing it on the weekends when I was home at this time, rather than outside with my other brood stock during the lights out time for the inside tank. Courtship Details: Spawning occurs as the lights go out (one end of the tank to the other). They swim together in tight formation, the more dominant one shepherding the other. This goes on for a few minutes, with them getting faster and more abrupt in their twists and turns. They will then release. At this point both of the tangs calm down and go their seperate ways. The release over the November - December 2011 period has become larger as they have got the process sorted. Now there is a large grey cloud of release that is very clearly visible to the eye. Previously this was much more disbursed. Most of the other fish in the tank then spend the next 10 minutes or so on their free meal. On observing the female, she is noticeably thicker (fat) near her cloaca immediately prior to spawning. Egg Size: less than 0.5mm Egg Color: clear and shiny, can easily be confused with bubbles. Now with pictures below. Egg Count: Unknown approx 40 collected. Hatch Details Hatch Date: 11/28/2011 (11/26/2011 spawn) Hatch Time of Day: Morning # Days after Spawn: 2 Larvae Description: 2mm long white piece of string to the naked eye. Larval Tank Details Temperature: not measured, ambient room temp approx 25c Size of Larval Tank: 4L, clear plastic container Substrate Details: None Other Tank Decor: None Filtration Details: None Lighting: CF Globe Lighting Cycle: 24 hours Water Changes: None Larval Feeding Details Food Types: Feeding Schedule: Metamorphosis/Settlement Date of Settlement Start: Days after Hatch: Date of Settlement End: Description of Fry:
Grow-Out Tank Details Temperature: Size of Grow-Out Tank: Substrate Details: Other Tank Decor: Filtration Details: Lighting: Lighting Cycle: Water Changes: Size at Transfer: Age at Transfer: Grow-Out Feeding Details Food Types: Feeding Schedule: Additional Information (No Pictures or Videos in the Section Please) Miscellaneous Information: 04/05/2012 Spawning is now every day to two days and has been getting more oftern since the beginning of the year. With either one or both of the females spawning with the male. They seem to be getting more aggressive with their behaviour during spawns. The actual swimming around with each other is more frantic and its quite common for very large splashes to occur as they spawn. They (im fairly sure its the male) have also at times hit the glass lids of the aquarium when exiting their little dance hard enough to lift it up. 2015/10/21 S 2015/10/22 H 2015/10/24 S 2015/10/26 S You will be required to provide photographic or video evidence in this thread of each event submitted for the MBI Program.
If your thread does not contain these photos the MBI Committee will not be able to approve your reports. PHOTOS AND VIDEO S MUST BE PLACED IN ADDITIONAL POSTS, NEVER IN THE FIRST POST IN A JOURNAL.
<message edited by CaptCrash on Monday, October 26, 2015 11:05 AM>
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Tuesday, November 22, 2011 8:59 AM
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Following with interest !
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Tuesday, November 22, 2011 9:25 AM
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?! Seriously? Regal tangs. Awesome.
I want to see vids!
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Tuesday, November 22, 2011 10:06 AM
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 Originally Posted by CableGuy
?! Seriously? Regal tangs. Awesome.
I want to see vids!
Yup, my blue tangs (I thought I had got the scientific name wrong there for a second).  I have got to edit down 3 hours of video, to just the interesting bits, so dont hold your breath, but its coming.
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Wednesday, November 23, 2011 8:14 AM
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Well, they spawned tonight, just before lights out. I have some video of it and Ill try to publish it tomorrow. I was also able to collect an egg before the other tank members got to it. Sorry for the picture quality, these were my setup pics, but I managed to knock the container with the egg onto the carpet floor when I went to move the camera. Ill try again next time. The photos follow!     I also had the following in the water (I am not sure if they are related) If anyone can suggest what they, please do. Bad Egg/Fertilized Egg?  Sperm? 
<message edited by CaptCrash on Saturday, November 26, 2011 10:24 AM>
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Wednesday, November 23, 2011 10:19 AM
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Or Prolarvae...?
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Wednesday, November 23, 2011 10:44 AM
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Awesome!!
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Friday, November 25, 2011 12:49 AM
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This is a video of my Blue Tangs spawning in my tank. It is at the end of the day with the lights going out, so the quality is not that good. Prior to the video starting they has been swimming in formation for approx 15 minutes, with lots of following and quick turns. The male (larger) also lost most of the blue colour in his "dot", this was almost white. After the spawn the other fish move in for a free meal. Unfortunatly, I had the camera pointed at the wrong end of the tank, as they normally spawn at this end. Also most of the pre-spawn chasing is normally at the end shown. Next spawn Ill try again.
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Friday, November 25, 2011 12:03 PM
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Darren,this is very interesting.Some people expected that the yellow tang would be the 1st acanthurid to spawn in tanks,given their small size and being such a frequently kept fish,but alas,it is P.hepatus the one that has been reported to spawn on some occasions. Your pics show clearly a pelagic egg.I can´t tell about the last two;one could be a hatching egg,only that it is opaque and not translucid as it should be.Was it pictured some hours after the spawning?.And sperm cells could not be seen under that magnification  You will need a diss.microscope to enjoy this journey. 
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Saturday, November 26, 2011 5:36 AM
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Another spawn tonight. No video, but I did manage to collect about 23 eggs. The first two pictures are approx 30 minutes post spawn.   The following pictures are approx 90 minutes post spawn   I have the eggs in a container with approx 4L of tank water. Initially the eggs were all separate, however with no current, they have grouped together. If I squirt air at the eggs they separate and then come back to the group over time. I have been able to repeat this several times.
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Saturday, November 26, 2011 6:24 AM
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So they are fertile !
Any follow up pictures of the eggs, Darren ?
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Saturday, November 26, 2011 7:59 AM
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I took some more photos at about 4 hours post spawn. They are basically the same as the 90 minute ones, just a more dense in the grey section of the egg.
I had quite a bit of difficulty with lighting tonight. I will get some more photos tomorrow.
Should be visible change (or not) by then.
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Saturday, November 26, 2011 10:34 AM
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Saturday, November 26, 2011 12:43 PM
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Awsome,Darren!  you have embryos!. Perhaps the 1st known images of early developmet of this sp? And I thought you weren´t equipped for microphotography!
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Saturday, November 26, 2011 12:58 PM
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This is all taken with a canon 50D.
I use a set of macro rings and a macro lens.
The change in quality of the photos is primarily due to them being photographed over a shiny black sticker. This gives the better background.
I then either top light the subject (grey/washed out pics) or side light (more colourful)
The side lighted shots are 40-50 second exposures.
A microscope would probably be easier and quicker, but I don't have one.
I'n my full resolution versions of these shots, I can see the internal cell boundaries in the "grey area".
I am going to take a couple of the photos into photoshop and see if I can provide a clearer image ( I'll try to white balance and sharpen the images), then present as much detail as I can.
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Saturday, November 26, 2011 1:03 PM
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Does anyone have any suggestions for how long these take to hatch or how they should be incubated?
At the moment I have them in 4L of tank water. Large flat container, about 8cm deep.
I am not heating it, as it's summer here and the eggs are in a warm room.
I have not added anything to the water, there is no flow or airline.
Only ambient light.
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Saturday, November 26, 2011 2:14 PM
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I don't know it helps but Z. flavescens hatch after 15-16 hours. P. hepatus start feeding by the third day when the yolk is gone. Here is a paper: Effects of marine ciliates on survivability of the first-feeding larval surgeonfish, Paracanthurus hepatus : Laboratory rearing experiments. Naoki Nagano, Yukio Iwatsuki, Takashi Kamiyama and Hideaki Nakata http://www.springerlink.c...tent/l118n34n1m04477j/ Don't get too excited as they couldn't them past day ... Check the tang breeding info compiled by Agathos at MOFIB too http://www.marinebreeder....ic.php?f=192&t=186
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Saturday, November 26, 2011 7:28 PM
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16 hours post spawn   The eggs are getting harder to find. They are taking on a cream white appearance to the naked eye. They are also no longer floating at the surface. Some were resting on the bottom of the container. I have added a CFL desk light over the water container, to add a little heat and light. Whilst the eggs are definitely changing in appearance and do appear to be still growing, They look to have a significant amount of development to go, or what I am seeing with the changes is some sort of decay/fungas etc.
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Saturday, November 26, 2011 7:53 PM
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I think they may be gone... There should be, at least, a visible larvae inside. If it was Z. flavescens they would be hatching actually. 
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Re: Breeding Journal, Species: [Paracanthurus hepatus]
Sunday, November 27, 2011 5:39 AM
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These were taken at 26 hours post spawn. Eggs collected for photo  This egg has small animals infested on its surface. They look like rapidly moving bean bags. I watched one move from one side of the egg to the other, navigating around its friends in about 2 seconds. They are fast!  Is this a fry developing in one of the eggs (or do I just want to see that?)  
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