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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Tuesday, August 4, 2015 5:24 PM
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Originally Posted by KathyL
Do you use the same system for parvocalanus? Kathy, the system is different. Parvos are batch cultured in inverted carboys, get 100% water changes weekly and only eat live Isochrysis. With the Apos, I am looking to keep a continuous feed dosing system with nothing but concentrates and run a continuous culture with daily harvest of nauplii, but not all the nauplii, so that some of them mature and become the next generation of reproductively active adults. It will take a little tweaking, but that's the general idea. The Apo culture will also be a recirculating system.
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Tuesday, August 4, 2015 5:48 PM
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I'll keep everyone posted.
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Tuesday, August 4, 2015 5:59 PM
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Dave, I am still going to keep the screen at 40 microns. I have rid the culture of any ciliates over 40 microns, so keeping this screen size should help to remove the sub-40micron protozoans, while also allowing the feces and organic waste to exit the system. Regarding the population fluctuation, it's still a young culture, at least in this tank. The nauplii are all becoming copepodites, like they should, while the sexually mature individuals are continuing to put out nauplii. The gravid female population is very sparse, but I suspect in the next few days that the late stage copepodites will become sexually mature and begin to produce an abundance of nauplii. I am very curious to see if reproduction and/or fecundity begins to drop as the culture reaches a certain density, like with Parvocalanus. My current goal is to push the density just to see what happens; then start harvesting nauplii daily. Here is a population density and total population recap from the last 7 days (the culture in this tank configuration was started on 7/21) - 7/28 - 60,000 nauplii (1.2/ml) & 27,000 adults/copepodites (0.5/ml). There were mostly mature adults in this culture.
- 7/30 - 122,000 nauplii (2.4/ml) & 8,000 adults (0.1/ml). Mostly mature adults with a few mid stage copepodites.
- 7/31 - 180,000 nauplii (3.6/ml) & 8,000 adults (0.1/ml). Again, mostly mature adults with a few mid stage copepodites.
- 8/3 - 98,000 nauplii (1.9/ml) & 86,000 copepodites/adults. Over the course of 3 days, the nauplii are now maturing into the copepodite phase. Mostly copepodites with a dwindling population of egg bearing females and sexually mature adults. Seeing very few newly hatched nauplii, but the majority of nauplii were in the later stages.
- 8/4 - 105,000 nauplii (2.1/ml) & 114,000 copepodites/adults. Mostly copepodites with a sparse population of egg bearing females and sexually mature males. Some mating observed. Seeing newly hatched nauplii, but the majority of nauplii were in the later stages. More nauplii going into the copepodite phase.
I predict in the next few days to see a huge increase in egg bearing females. I'll keep everyone posted.
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Wednesday, August 5, 2015 2:09 PM
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Here is a video. You can see that it's mostly copepodites and mature adults.
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Thursday, August 20, 2015 12:06 PM
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Well, the population in the tub got hit with Euplotes contamination. Also, I noticed that the adult females never really started bearing eggs like I expected. I am going to tweak a few things after I decontaminate the culture; luckily, I have a backup running. I am going to ramp up the population and then inoculate the tank and get this going again. I have a few theories as to why the culture crashed. One theory is that the bacteria product, Dr. Tim's Waste-Away, was digesting not only the waste in the culture, but also the non-viable algae cells before they could get consumed by the pods. I am going to give him a call today and see what he thinks. I think that Dr. Tim's products are great, so I am by no means pinning my failure on his product. Just saying It's also possible that feeding the culture once every hour is not ideal. Maybe it needs to be fed every 30 minutes. I may also need to increase the feed concentrations and tweak the binary feed approach. Maybe Tetraselmis isn't ideal; I could always add a diatom. If anyone has any input, I am open to discussion, as usual. Chad
<message edited by clayton447 on Thursday, August 20, 2015 1:22 PM>
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Thursday, August 20, 2015 1:21 PM
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I just spoke with our phycologist, Dr. Eric Henry, and he said that it is unlikely that Dr. Tim's Waste-Away bacteria invaded the algal cells. On to the next theory.
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Thursday, August 20, 2015 1:32 PM
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Originally Posted by clayton447
So, with the help of Dr. Eric Henry, we were able to find what we think is a Stage 1 nauplius. We measured its length to be 90 microns and width is approximately 65 microns. The width measurement is just the body and does not include the appendages. I included the photo with scale, so feel free to check my measurements. If anyone knows what a Stage 1 nauplius looks like, please send me pictures or confirm the image is indeed Stage 1. I believe Jim Welsh measured them at 70 microns wide, so I'm close to his measurements. Here is the thread where Jim confirms his measurement: http://www.mbisite.org/Fo...1&print=true Enjoy, Chad Chad,it looks indeed like a 1st nauplius (N1).You must play with the focus of the scope to confirm it. N1 of all calanoid copepods is defined by three setae at the tip of A1 (antennula) and two spines at the rear end.I imagine N1 of Apo will be the same.
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Thursday, August 20, 2015 1:35 PM
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Originally Posted by luis a m
Originally Posted by clayton447
So, with the help of Dr. Eric Henry, we were able to find what we think is a Stage 1 nauplius. We measured its length to be 90 microns and width is approximately 65 microns. The width measurement is just the body and does not include the appendages. I included the photo with scale, so feel free to check my measurements. If anyone knows what a Stage 1 nauplius looks like, please send me pictures or confirm the image is indeed Stage 1. I believe Jim Welsh measured them at 70 microns wide, so I'm close to his measurements. Here is the thread where Jim confirms his measurement: http://www.mbisite.org/Fo...1&print=true Enjoy, Chad Chad,it looks indeed like a 1st nauplius (N1).You must play with the focus of the scope to confirm it. N1 of all calanoid copepods is defined by three setae at the tip of A1 (antennula) and two spines at the rear end.I imagine N1 of Apo will be the same. Thanks Luis! Great information. Not sure why I never knew that? LOL I guess I need to pay closer attention. Do you have a culture going with this species? Good to hear from you BTW. Regards, Chad
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Friday, August 21, 2015 9:49 AM
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Originally Posted by clayton447
Also, I noticed that the adult females never really started bearing eggs like I expected. I am going to tweak a few things after I decontaminate the culture; luckily, I have a backup running. I am going to ramp up the population and then inoculate the tank and get this going again. If anyone has any input, I am open to discussion, as usual. Chad Chad, maybe the adult female population is too high and puts out a chemical cue to stop reproduction. This would seem to be logical in natural conditions to prevent an outstripping of food supply. Another theory: the naup density in your population may be the cause of such a chemical cue just as easily as your adults. If either of these are the case you would see a quick increase in fecundity by decreasing density, so it could be easy to prove or disprove whether chemical cues are the culprit instead of the ciliates or Dr. Tim's product.
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Friday, August 21, 2015 11:45 AM
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Originally Posted by dave w
Originally Posted by clayton447
Also, I noticed that the adult females never really started bearing eggs like I expected. I am going to tweak a few things after I decontaminate the culture; luckily, I have a backup running. I am going to ramp up the population and then inoculate the tank and get this going again. If anyone has any input, I am open to discussion, as usual. Chad Chad, maybe the adult female population is too high and puts out a chemical cue to stop reproduction. This would seem to be logical in natural conditions to prevent an outstripping of food supply. Another theory: the naup density in your population may be the cause of such a chemical cue just as easily as your adults. If either of these are the case you would see a quick increase in fecundity by decreasing density, so it could be easy to prove or disprove whether chemical cues are the culprit instead of the ciliates or Dr. Tim's product. Hey Dave, Your theories are much more favorable than mine; I like what your saying and it's giving me some ideas to work around the chemical issue. If I hit the maximum density with adults and/or nauplii, and want to push it higher, then maybe carbon filtration is the answer. Carbon has been known to take up secondary metabolites of marine macro algae, and those are on a molecular level. Maybe it could work in this case. I have discarded my Dr. Tim's theory, and will continue to look at how the Euplotes got into the culture. Chad
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Saturday, August 22, 2015 10:26 AM
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Chad, my theories are just guesses, I like your idea of using carbon. If you went to a larger container you might not even need carbon, you may reach your daily production at a lower density. But I've always been a fan of treating copepod tanks like fish tanks with their own filtration (and very slow water turnover). As to Euplotes prevention, it seems to me that ciliates will always be present in an open culture, the best we can do is try to manage their numbers. That's why I like your UV approach. Now how do you keep 40 micron screens from clogging every few hours?
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Sunday, August 23, 2015 4:57 PM
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Any updates using other pastes besides the tet and Iso yet?
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Monday, August 24, 2015 2:25 PM
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Originally Posted by dave w
Chad, my theories are just guesses, I like your idea of using carbon. If you went to a larger container you might not even need carbon, you may reach your daily production at a lower density. But I've always been a fan of treating copepod tanks like fish tanks with their own filtration (and very slow water turnover). As to Euplotes prevention, it seems to me that ciliates will always be present in an open culture, the best we can do is try to manage their numbers. That's why I like your UV approach. Now how do you keep 40 micron screens from clogging every few hours? Dave, I plan on having a bubble curtain running up the center stand pipe to keep the mesh from getting clogged. Not sure if it will work. I may be forced to spray the screen off every day with Isopropyl alcohol to break up the heavy organics trapped in the mesh. Chad
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Monday, August 24, 2015 2:33 PM
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Originally Posted by JoeDigiorgio
Any updates using other pastes besides the tet and Iso yet? Joe, I am currently ramping up my population. I plan on trying out our SDaquarist on the pods this next go around. It's one of our newest products. It's essentially Shellfish Diet diluted to make room for ClorAm-X and a pH buffer, similar to how we do RGcomplete. It contains a variety of algal species including: 2 diatoms, 2 browns, and 1 green. I am actually really excited to use it because I had success with it on Tigriopus californicus. Chad
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Monday, August 24, 2015 4:44 PM
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Originally Posted by clayton447
Originally Posted by luis a m
Chad,it looks indeed like a 1st nauplius (N1).You must play with the focus of the scope to confirm it. N1 of all calanoid copepods is defined by three setae at the tip of A1 (antennula) and two spines at the rear end.I imagine N1 of Apo will be the same. Thanks Luis! Great information. Not sure why I never knew that? LOL I guess I need to pay closer attention. Do you have a culture going with this species? Good to hear from you BTW. Regards, Chad Again,this holds true for calanoid naups.There is at least one ref stating that N1 cyclopoids have two setae. http://www.marinebreeder.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=144&t=7410&hilit=apocyclops this is an old thread showing how Apo were introduced and IDd in the hobby.Unfortunately this fundational thread ended firing a nasty scandal because of professional and commercial interests and it had to be much edited.But still it remains interesting. And yes,since that time I keep them.Apo are "super pods"
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Monday, August 31, 2015 11:49 AM
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Originally Posted by luis a m
Originally Posted by clayton447
Originally Posted by luis a m
Chad,it looks indeed like a 1st nauplius (N1).You must play with the focus of the scope to confirm it. N1 of all calanoid copepods is defined by three setae at the tip of A1 (antennula) and two spines at the rear end.I imagine N1 of Apo will be the same. Thanks Luis! Great information. Not sure why I never knew that? LOL I guess I need to pay closer attention. Do you have a culture going with this species? Good to hear from you BTW. Regards, Chad Again,this holds true for calanoid naups.There is at least one ref stating that N1 cyclopoids have two setae. http://www.marinebreeder.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=144&t=7410&hilit=apocyclops this is an old thread showing how Apo were introduced and IDd in the hobby.Unfortunately this fundational thread ended firing a nasty scandal because of professional and commercial interests and it had to be much edited.But still it remains interesting. And yes,since that time I keep them.Apo are "super pods" Great information, Luis. The thread was helpful. Chad
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Friday, September 4, 2015 4:10 PM
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So, I set up 2 carboys to test Iso 1800 (Instant Algae) and SDaquarist (Shellfish Diet diluted containing ClorAm-X and a pH buffering component); both are doing very well. I say very well because I see numerous females bearing the tell-tale egg sacs and an abundance of nauplii and copepodites. I am going to write up the metrics on these cultures and get back to everyone with the details. The next step will be to scale this up and starting working on harvesting protocols. Hope everyone at MACNA is having fun!
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Saturday, September 5, 2015 11:58 AM
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Is SDAquarist available for purchase yet? I can't find it on the website and I'm eager to try it out!
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Re:Apocyclops panamensis Q & A
Tuesday, September 8, 2015 1:40 PM
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SDaquarist will be available as soon as the labels are printed and we slap a price on it. Go to the Reef Nutrition section of the RMI website and click on the SDaquarist bottle.
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