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[Reports]
Species
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Type |
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Spawning
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Common Name(s) |
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Callionymus bairdi
Synonyms: Callionymus boekeri, Callionymus sanctaehelenae, Callionymus sanctieustatii, Paradiplogrammus bairdi
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 1 - 91 m (Ref. 7251)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 11.4 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251)
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Bermuda, southern Florida (USA), and the Bahamas to northern South America.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 4; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 8. Preopercular spine has 3 or more teeth on top and 1 forward-projecting spine on bottom (Ref. 26938). Males have an elevated first dorsal fin (Ref. 13442).
Biology: Inhabits shallow reefs, including Thalassia testudinum beds (Ref. 13628).
Data Sheet: http://fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=3824
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Callionymus bairdi
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Fish
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P
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D
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Lancer Dragonet
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Callionymus enneactis
Synonyms: Callionymus altidorsalis, Callionymus distethommatus, Callionymus enneatics, Callionymus wilburi, Paradiplogrammus distethommatus, Paradiplogrammus enneactis, Paradiplogrammus enneactis calliste, Paradiplogrammus parvus, Callionymus parvus
Environment: Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range ? - 15 m (Ref. 37816)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 8.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 48636)
Distribution: Western Pacific: Gulf of Thailand to the Solomon Islands, north to Japan, south to northwestern Australia; Palau and Yap in Micronesia. Probably specimens from eastern Indonesia, northeastern Australia, and the Loyalty and Hawaiian islands, may also be this species.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 4; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 7. Has distinctive dorsal fin with large pale-edged black ocellus between 3rd and 4th spine, and barred pattern below cheek (Ref. 48636).
Biology: Occurs in sand and mud bottoms from brackish mangrove areas to a depth of 15 m in coral reef lagoons (Ref. 1602, 48636).
Data Sheet: http://fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=17468
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Callionymus enneactis
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.springerlink.com/content/cn037161421524rp/
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Fish
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P
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D
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Little Sand Dragonet, Mangrove Dragonet, Mosaic Dragonet
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Calloplesiops altivelis
Synonyms: Barrosia barrosi, Callopresiops altivelis, Plesiops altivelis
Environment: Reef-associated; marine; depth range 3 - 50 m (Ref. 48635), usually 3 - 45 m (Ref. 27115)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 48635)
Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Tonga and the Line Islands.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 9; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 9. Head and body brownish black with small pale blue spots; vertical and pelvic fins dark orange-brown, with many small blue spots; blue ringed black ocellus above base of last 3 dorsal rays; yellow spots at base of upper caudal rays; pectoral rays bright yellow, fin membrane transparent (Ref. 10430).
Biology: Found near reefs, and in caves and crevices along drop-offs (Ref. 8631). Nocturnal, hides under ledges and in holes by day (Ref. 9710). It's false eye which is actually the dorsal fin ocellus confuses predators because it poses an inverted image of a fish. When alarmed, it will poke it's head into a hole and expose it's tail end which mimics the head of the moray eel (Ref. 9710). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35426).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=12655
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Calloplesiops altivelis
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Fish
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D
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B
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Marine Betta, Comet
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Canthigaster rivulata
Synonyms: Canthigaster caudofasciata, Canthigaster caudofasciatus, Canthigaster notospilus, Eumycterias bitaeniatus, Tetraodon rivulatus, Tetrodon caudofasciatus, Tropidichthys caudofasciatus
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 350 m (Ref. 11441). Tropical
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 18.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)
Distribution: Indo-Pacific: East Africa south to Natal, South Africa (Ref. 4919) and east to Hawaii, north to southern Japan, south to northwestern Australia (Ref. 3132). Recorded in Kermadec Island.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9-10; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 9 - 10. Body with 2 longitudinal dark bands that join in front of gill slit, lower band faint or absent; small dark spots ventrally; caudal fin with dark stripes; dark blotch at caudal base (Ref. 4919).
Biology: Inhabits rocky and coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). A deep water species known from trawls, rarely seen by diving and occasionally visits deep sandy slopes where upwellings occur (Ref. 48637).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=6668
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Canthigaster rivulata
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Fish
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D
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C
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Brown-lined Puffer
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Canthigaster rostrata
Synonyms: Canthigaster rostratus, Tetrodon ornatus, Tetrodon rostratus
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 40 m (Ref. 43205). Tropical; 30°N - 23°S
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 26340)
Distribution: Western Central Atlantic: South Carolina, USA and Bermuda to Tobago and the Lesser Antilles. All Canthigaster specimens so far recorded from Madeira belong to Canthigaster capistrata (Ref. 43205).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10-11; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 9. Distinguished from all other Atlantic species by a short upper dark longitudinal stripe, presence of few spots on flank and dorsum, and absence of a conspicuous (larger than eye) spot on the dorsum. The upper dark longitudinal stripe extends from caudal-fin dorsal margin to the vertical through dorsal-fin base. Although a horizontal line of dark spots extends anterior to the anterior portion of the horizontal dark stripe in some specimens, and sometimes even surpasses the dorsal fin base, this line of spots never forms a continuous stripe. Also distinguished by the absence of vertically oriented bars on the caudal fin and by the presence of bars on the snout (Ref. 43205).
Biology: Inhabits reefs and marginal habitats such as seagrass beds (Ref. 43205). Diet consists of seagrass, sponges, crabs and other crustaceans, mollusks, polychaete worms, sea urchins, starfishes, hydroids and algae (Ref. 13442). Monogamous (Ref. 52884).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=4291
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Canthigaster rostrata
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.rcthawaii.com/cvb/5.htm
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Fish
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D
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C
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Caribbean Sharpnose Puffer
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Canthigaster solandri
Synonyms: Canthigaster australis, Canthigaster glaucospilotus, Canthigaster margaritatus, Canthigaster papua, Canthigaster saipanensis, Cathigaster solandri, Tetrodon petersii, Tetrodon solandri
Environment: Reef-associated; marine; depth range 10 - 36 m (Ref. 1602)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 11.5 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 11441)
Distribution: Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Line and Tuamoto Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia and Tonga; strays to the Hawaiian Islands. Population from the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, Queensland, and Belau differs in coloration (formerly Canthigaster papua); replaced by Canthigaster margaritata in the Red Sea.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8 - 10; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 8 - 10. Ocellus at base of dorsal fin; dark lines radiating from eye; caudal fin brown with pale spots, outer rows may form wavy lines (Ref. 4919).
Biology: Inhabit sheltered rocky reefs (Ref. 48637). Also live in intertidal reef flats, lagoon and seaward reefs. Occur over open barren areas, also among corals and under ledges (Ref. 9710). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Often found in pairs, sometimes in small groups. Feed mainly on filamentous red and green algae and coralline red algae but also on corals, tunicates, mollusks, echinoderms, polychaetes, crustaceans and bryozoans. Common (Ref. 9710). Monogamous (Ref. 52884).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=6578
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Canthigaster solandri
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Fish
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D
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C
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Blue Spotted Puffer, Spotted Sharpnose Puffer
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Canthigaster valentini
Synonyms: Tetraodon valentini, Tetraodon gronovii, Tetrodon taeniatus
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 55 m (Ref. 1602). Tropical; 32°N - 32°S
Size/Weight/Age: Maturity: Lm ?, range 4 - 5.4 cm
Max length : 11.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4919)
Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Red Sea south to Durban, South Africa (Ref. 4919) and east to the Tuamoto Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 9. Side with two prominent dark bars extending to belly (Ref. 559).
Biology: Found among coral heads and rocks of subtidal lagoon and seaward reefs (Ref. 4919, 5503). Common on coastal reefs at various depths. Mimic filefish, males are territorial and are often seen fighting (Ref. 48637). Feed mainly on filamentous green and red algae, tunicates, and on smaller amounts of corals, bryozoans, polychaetes, echinoderms, mollusks, and brown and coralline red algae. Form shoals (10-100 or more) often with the filefish, Paraluteres prionurus (about 5% of shoal) mimicking C. valentini to protect it from predators (Ref. 4919, 5503). Territorial and haremic; males spawn with a different female each day (Ref. 9710). One or more territories are occupied and defended each by a female where a single large male stands guard (Ref. 55082). All sexually mature females are territorial females (Ref. 55082). Demersal spawner (Ref. 35298).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/Canthigaster-valentini.html
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Canthigaster valentini
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Fish
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D
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C
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Valentini puffer, saddle valentini puffer, black saddled toby, Valentini sharpnose puffer
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Centropyge acanthops
Synonyms: Holacanthus acanthops, Xiphipops acanthops
Environment: Tropical - Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 6 - 40 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 8.0 cm TL male/unsexed;
Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Somalia to East London, South Africa. Also around oceanic islands. Common off East Africa
Description: Head, upper sides, dorsal, and caudal fins golden yellow; lower two-thirds of the body and the anal fin black with numerous close-set purple spots.
Biology: nhabits areas with coral rubble and frequently occurs in small groups of up to about 10 individuals. Feeds on small invertebrates and algae (Ref. 5503). Spawns at sunset; male stimulating the emission of eggs with biting motions on female's abdomen; eggs released and abandoned in open water without any particular parental care (Ref. 5503). Popular aquarium fish in Natal. Occasionally exported from Kenya.
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?id=9222
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Centropyge acanthops
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.rcthawaii.com/angel/6.htm#acanthops
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Fish
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P
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D
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African pygmy angelfish, Orangeback angelfish
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Centropyge argi
Synonyms:
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 5 - 80 m (Ref. 9626), usually 5 - 30 m (Ref. 9626)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 8.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda and Florida, USA to French Guiana, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 14 - 15; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 16; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 17. Deep blue, the head and chest orange-yellow; a narrow blue ring around eye; a small dark blue smudge just behind corner of mouth; pectoral fins pale yellowish; other fins deep blue with pale blue margins (Ref. 13442).
Biology: Normally occurs in rubble areas. Feeds on various types of algae. Oviparous (Ref. 205), monogamous (Ref. 52884). Retreats into holes when frightened (Ref. 9710). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35408).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=3607
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Centropyge argi
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Fish
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P
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D
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Cherub Angelfish
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Centropyge bispinosa
Synonyms: Centropyge bispinosus, Centropyge hispinosus, Holacanthus bispinosus
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 9 - 45 m (Ref. 1602)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 10.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5953)
Distribution: Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Tuamoto Islands, north to the Izu Island, south to Lord Howe Island. Not found in the Red Sea, Hawaii, and the southern Pacific Ocean (Ref. 48391).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 18; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 17 - 19. Color in life variable; predominantly light orange with the barring broken into a series of spots; others almost entirely purple. Often very pale in deep water and bright orange form in the Pacific that looks near identical to C. aurantia.
Biology: Secretive species found in lagoon and seaward reef slopes in areas with rich coral growth. Found singly or in aggregations (Ref. 1602); forms harems of 3-7 individuals. Feeds on algae. Frequently exported through the aquarium trade (Ref. 48391).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=5458
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Centropyge bispinosa
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Fish
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P
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D
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Coral Beauty Angelfish
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Centropyge colini
Synonyms:
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 20 - 100 m (Ref. 48391)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 9.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)
Distribution: Tropical; 14°N - 20°S
Indo-West Pacific: Cocos-Keeling Atoll, parts of Indonesia, Palau (Belau), Guam, Fiji, and the Marshall Islands (Ref. 48391). Also in Indonesia (BPBM 34195).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 17; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 17. Back and adjacent dorsal fin purple; rest of the body and fins lemon yellow. Eye with thin purple ring around it.
Biology: This rare species is a secretive dweller of crevices and clefts in caves of outer reef drop-offs (Ref. 1602). Natural diet unknown; forms harems of 3-7 individuals. Almost never exported through the aquarium trade (Ref. 48391).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=8773
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Centropyge colini
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.rcthawaii.com/angel/6.htm#colini
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Fish
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P
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D
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Collins or Cocos Keeling Angel
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Centropyge debelius
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Fish
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P
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D
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Blue Mauritius angelfish, Debelius Angelfish
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Centropyge ferrugata
Synonyms: Centropyge ferrugatus
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 6 - 30 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 10.0 cm TL male/unsexed
Distribution: Western Pacific: Tanabe Bay, southern Japan to the southwestern tip of Taiwan and the Philippines.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 17 - 18. Closely resembles C. bispinosus. It lacks the series of narrow vertical bars in C. bispinosus and has numerous irregularly-shaped black dots instead. Overall color is golden brown to orange, becoming bright orange ventrally. Some with bluish narrow band or spots along the margin of the dorsal and anal fins.
Biology: Inhabits seaward (Ref. 9710), rocky reefs and rubble areas, especially where algal growth is extensive (Ref. 47838). Solitary or in small groups (Ref. 47838). Has been reared in captivity
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=6667
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Centropyge ferrugata
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Fish
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P
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D
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Rusty angelfish
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Centropyge fisheri
Synonyms: Holacanthus fisheri
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 10 - 95 m, usually 24 - ? m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 6.0 cm TL male/unsexed
Distribution: Eastern Central Pacific: restricted to the Hawaiian Islands. Most records from the Indian Ocean probably are misidentifications of Centropyge acanthops. Records from the western Pacific are probably misidentifications of Centropyge flavicauda, now considered a probable synonym of Centropyge fisheri
Description: Overall yellow-orange with a black blotch about equal to eye diameter just above the pectoral-fin base, and numerous closely-set fine black dots along the base of the dorsal and anal fins. Pelvic fins blue; anal fin with blue margin.
Biology: Found in areas with rubble bottom. Benthopelagic in reefs
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=7813
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Centropyge fisheri
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.rcthawaii.com/angel/6.htm#fisheri
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Fish
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P
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D
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Orange angelfish; Fisher's Angelfish
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Centropyge flavissima
Synonyms: Centropyge flavissimus, Holacanthus flavissimus
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 3 - 50 m (Ref. 30874)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 14.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710); max. reported age: 11 years (Ref. 72479)
Distribution: Tropical; 24°C - 28°C; 35°N - 30°S
Indo-Pacific: Cocos-Keeling Atoll to the Line, Marquesan and Ducie islands (straying to Easter Island), north to the Ryukyu Islands, south to New Caledonia and Rapa. Common at most oceanic islands except the Carolines (Ref. 9710). Not reported from Indonesia or Malaysia; nor in Hawaii and Johnston Atoll (Ref. 48391).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15-16; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 16. Overall color is bright yellow. Juveniles have a characteristic blue-edged black ocellus in the middle of each side. There is a blue circle around the eye and a blue blotch on the posterior margin of the operculum. Median fins are likewise edged blue. With 44 - 50 lateral scale rows.
Biology: Occur in coral rich areas of shallow lagoon and exposed seaward reefs from the lower surge zone (Ref. 9710) to 50 m (Ref. 30874). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Juveniles secretive (Ref. 9710). Feed mainly on algae. Live as long as 11 years in captivity (Ref. 37816). Frequently exported through the aquarium trade (Ref. 48391).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=5457
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Centropyge flavissima
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Fish
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P
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D
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Lemonpeel Angel
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Centropyge interruptus
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Fish
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P
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D
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Japanese Pygmy Angel
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Centropyge joculator
Synonyms:
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 8 - 70 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 9.0 cm TL male/unsexed;
Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Cocos and Christmas Islands.
Description: Resembles C. bicolor of the western Pacific but easily distinguished from it by its coloration, number of dorsal spines, shape of the caudal fin and depth of distribution. Anterior half of the body, from the snout up to the line from the third dorsal spine to the middle of the pelvic-anal fin space, golden yellow; rest of the body, including the adjacent dorsal and anal fins, to the caudal peduncle dark blue or black; caudal fin and peduncle golden yellow. An irregular bright blue band rings the orbit. Dorsal and anal fins with a narrow bright blue margin.
Biology: Found in coral and rubble areas on steep outer reef slopes. Solitary or in small groups of four to five individuals.
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=10997
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Centropyge joculator
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.rcthawaii.com/angel/6.htm
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Fish
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P
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D
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Joculator Angelfish, Coco's Pygmy Angelfish, Yellowhead Angelfish
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Centropyge loricula
Synonyms:
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; brackish; marine; depth range 15 - 60 m (Ref. 48391)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 48391)
Distribution: Tropical; 28°N - 25°S
Pacific Ocean: mainly in tropical waters.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16-18; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 17 - 18. Bright orange-red with a vertical elongate black blotch and 4 - 5 bars on the sides; posterior part of the dorsal and anal fins with alternating short purple-blue and black bands (Ref. 1602). Specimens from the Marquesas lack the vertical black bars (Ref. 48391).
Biology: Found in clear lagoon and seaward reefs from the lower surge zone to a depth of 57 m (Ref. 1602). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Secretive and stays near shelter (Ref. 1602). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35409). Feeds on algae. Forms harems of 3-7 individuals. Frequently exported through the aquarium trade (Ref. 48391).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=7814
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Centropyge loricula
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.rcthawaii.com/angel/6.htm
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Fish
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P
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D
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Flame Angel
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Centropyge multicolor
Synonyms:
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 20 - 115 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 9.0 cm TL male/unsexed
Distribution: Pacific Ocean: Palau, Pohnpei and Kosrae in Micronesia, Marshall, Gilbert, Fiji, Cook and Society Islands; strays to Hawaii. Recently recorded from Tong
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16-17; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 17
Biology: Inhabits steep outer reef slopes, typically in small tracks of rubble between areas of rich coral growth (Ref. 33482). Benthopelagic at 20-90 m (Ref. 58302). Cryptic. Herbivorous (Ref. 33482). Feeds readily in aquaria. Forms harems of 3-7 individuals. Rarely exported through the aquarium trade
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=11000
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Centropyge multicolor
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.rcthawaii.com/angel/6.htm
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Fish
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P
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D
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Multicolor angelfish
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Centropyge resplendens
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Fish
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P
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D
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Pygmy Angel, Resplendent angelfish
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