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[Reports]
Species
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Spawning
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Common Name(s) |
Haemulon flavolineatum
Synonyms: Diabasis flavolineatus
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; depth range 0 - 60 m (Ref. 36484). Subtropical; 34°N - 33°S
Size/Weight/Age: Maturity: Lm 16.0 cm
Max length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7251); common length : 17.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 3798)
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Bermuda, South Carolina (USA), and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil; throughout the West Indies and the coasts of Central America (Ref. 3798).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 12; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14-15; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8. Mostly yellow, paler below. Scales below lateral line in oblique rows and much larger than those above lateral line. No other grunt has enlarged scales below the lateral line (Ref. 26938).
Biology: Occurs in large schools on rocky and coral reefs, often under ledges or close to elkhorn coral (Ref. 9710). Juveniles abundant in near-shore seagrass beds (Ref. 9710). Feeds mainly on small crustaceans (Ref. 3798). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3798).
Data Sheet: http://fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=1135
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Haemulon flavolineatum
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French Grunt
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Halichoeres chrysus
Synonyms:
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; depth range 2 - 60 m (Ref. 9710), usually 15 - 60 m (Ref. 27115)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2334)
Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Christmas Island. Western Pacific: Solomon Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Rowley Shoals and New South Wales (Australia). Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 53797). Replaced by Halichoeres leucoxanthus in the Indian Ocean, but with overlapping distributions in Indonesia (Ref. 37816).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 11 - 12; Vertebrae: 25. In life, body bright yellow, head and thorax yellow-orange; a spot behind eye; head with irregular light-green bands. Dorsal fin of males with a large black, white-rimmed spot at the first interspinous membrane (another spot may appear on the soft portion between 2nd and 3rd rays for smaller males); females with a second black, light yellow-rimmed spot; smaller females and juveniles with a third blackish spot on penultimate membrane. Anterior lateral line scales with 2-4 pores; 6-12 suborbital pores. Pelvic fins not reaching anus.
Biology: Found at the reef edge, in sand and rubble areas (Ref. 9710).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=4855
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Halichoeres chrysus
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Yellow coris, canary wrasse
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Halichoeres melanurus
Synonyms: Halichoeres chrysotaenia, Halichoeres hoeveni, Halichoeres hoevenii, Halichoeres kallochroma, Julis chrysotaenia, Julis hoevenii, Julis melanurus, Platyglossus melanurus
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; Tropical; 30°N - 30°S
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed;
Distribution: Western Pacific: Japan (Ref. 559) south to the Great Barrier Reef (Ref. 2334) and east to Samoa (Ref. 592) and Tonga (Ref. 53797). Replaced by Halichoeres vrolikii in the Indian Ocean (Ref. 37816).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11-12; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 11 - 12; Vertebrae: 25. Stripes on male body blue-green and orangish in life, becoming salmon pink and green anteriorly; a dark spot behind eye contained within a brown band that bifurcates posteriorly. Females with a small black spot on 1st interspinous membrane of dorsal fin, another between 2nd-3rd soft rays; a spot at the upper base of caudal fin. Anterior lateral line scales with 1-4 pores (usually 2). Pelvic fins of males reaching to or beyond the anus.
Biology: Found mostly on shallow coral reefs and rocky shores (Ref. 9823). Found over 15 m depth (Ref. 9710). Feed on small invertebrates such as polychaetes, copepods, isopods and forams (Ref. 1602).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=4858
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Halichoeres melanurus
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Melanurus wrasse, Tailspot Wrasse, Tail-spot Wrasse
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Halichoeres ornatissimus
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Christmas Wrasse, Ornate Wrasse, Ornamented wrasse
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Haliichthys taeniophorus
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Ribbon Pipehorse, Ribboned Pipefish
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Hemiscyllium hallistromi
Synonyms:
Environment: Marine; reef-associated
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 75.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 247)
Distribution: Western Central Pacific: Irian Jaya (Indonesia) and Papua New Guinea.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 0. Caudal fin with a pronounced subterminal notch but without a ventral lobe (Ref. 13575). Lateral ocellus surrounded by large black spots; spots absent from head in front and below eyes (Ref. 13575).
Biology: Little-known inshore bottom shark, probably on coral reefs (Ref. 247). Oviparous (Ref. 50449).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=5905
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hemiscyllium hallistromi
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference:
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Papuan Epaulette Shark
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Hemiscyllium ocellatum
Synonyms: Squalus ocellatus, Squalus oculatus
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; depth range ? - 50 m (Ref. 54540)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 107 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 247)
Distribution: Western Pacific: New Guinea and northern Australia. Possibly occurring in Malaysia, Sumatra (Indonesia), and the Solomon Islands.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 0. Caudal fin with a pronounced subterminal notch but without a ventral lobe (Ref. 13575). Lateral ocellus not surrounded by large spots; spots present on head in front and below eyes (Ref. 13575).
Biology: Commonly found in shallow water of coral reefs (Ref. 6871). Often in tide pools (Ref. 13575). Feeds mainly on benthic invertebrates (Ref. 6871). Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Squirms when captured but cannot readily escape (Ref. 247). Survives well in aquariums (Ref. 6871). Has the ability to survive low oxygen conditions by switching of non-essential brain functions; apparently an adaption for hunting in tide-pools with low oxygen (Ref. 52022).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=5906
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hemiscyllium ocellatum
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference:
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Epaulette Shark
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Heniochus diphreutes
Synonyms: Heniochus diphreustes
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 15 - 210 m (Ref. 9710)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 21.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 48636)
Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and South Africa to warm-temperate Australia and the Hawaiian Islands.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 12 - 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 23-25; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 17 - 19. Body is white with two broad oblique dark-brown bands running across the body from the dorsal fin to the abdomen and anal fin. A short brown band runs from the top of the head to the eye. The soft portion of the dorsal fin and the caudal fin are yellow.
Biology: Occur primarily along outer reef slopes, in current channels. Juveniles in aggregations around isolated patch reefs, adults in large schools well above the bottom (Ref. 9710). In Indonesia, adults most common in depth 40-50 m, reported to 200 m (Ref. 48636). Benthopelagic (Ref. 58302). Feed on plankton. Juveniles may act as cleaners (Ref. 9710); also observed in adults (Ref. 48636). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Form pairs during breeding (Ref. 205).
Also:
Wittenrich and Cassiano got them to 41 days on their very first run. It is conceivable that if they get to try again, this could wind up being the first species of Butterflyfish to be captive-bred. They have a head start on just about everyone else. (Matt Pedersen)
http://www.reefs.com/blog/2011/11/28/larval-heniochus-butterflyfish-prove-collaborative-breeding-can-work/
http://risingtideconservation.blogspot.com/2011/11/schooling-bannerfishso-close.html
Data Sheet: http://fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=7769
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Heniochus diphreutes
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Schooling Bannerfish
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Heterodontus francisci
Synonyms: Cestracion francisci
Environment: Marine; demersal; depth range 2 - 150 m (Ref. 9253), usually 2 - 11 m (Ref. 9253)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 122 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 247); common length : 97.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 247); max. reported age: 12 years (Ref. 72467)
Length at first maturit - Lm ?, range 59 - ? cm
Distribution: Eastern Pacific: central California, USA to the Gulf of California, and probably Ecuador and Peru.
Description:
Biology: Sluggish, nocturnal, and mostly solitary species. Inhabit rocky bottoms, kelp beds, sandy draws between rocks, on sand flats, deep crevices and small caves and also large underwater caverns. Adults tend to return to the same resting place every day (Ref. 43278). Feed on benthic invertebrates, especially sea urchins, crabs and probably abalone, also fishes. Oviparous (Ref. 50449). May bite back when harassed. Has broad muscular paired fins used as limbs for clambering on the bottom. Catch reduced to fish meal; fin spines used in production of jewels.
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=739
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Heterodontus francisci
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.tropicorium.com/Trop_Sharks.html
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Horn Shark
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Hippocampus abdominalis
Synonyms: Hippocampus agnesae, Hippocampus bleekeri, Hippocampus graciliformis
Environment: Demersal; non-migratory; brackish; marine; depth range 0 - 104 m (Ref. 52034)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 35.0 cm OT male/unsexed; (Ref. 6787); common length : 18.0 cm OT male/unsexed; (Ref. 9003)
Distribution: Temperate; 24°S - 50°S, 80°E - 120°W (Ref. 52034)
Southwest Pacific: Australia and New Zealand. Vulnerable (Ref. 30915). Occurrence in Thailand and the Philippines (Ref. 43081) needs verification. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 25 - 31; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 4. Description: (based on 17 specimens): Adult height: 8.0-32.0 cm; Rings: 12-13 + 47 (45-48) Snout length: 2.6 (2.2-3.2) in head length; Dorsal fin rays: 27-28 (25-29) covering 4+1 rings; Pectoral fin rays: 15-17; Caudal fin absent; Coronet: low, triangular wedge; Spines: low, rounded bumps only. Other distinctive characters: (very) prominent rounded eye spines; often with thick fronds attached to head region; very deep body with keel (especially females); mature males have extremely prominent (usually white) brood pouch. Color pattern: pale, near white to mottled yellow to variable brown; dark spots and splotches on head and trunk; tail with alternating dark and light bands; dorsal fin mottled; males have more dark blotches than females and commonly have a yellow slash near the top of the pouch 34.
Biology: Found in large rock pools at low tide. They remain motionless amidst seaweed. Juveniles are pelagic (Ref. 30915) or attached to drifting seaweeds (Ref. 31838). Feed on minute crustaceans (e.g. copepods and amphipods). Nocturnal (Ref. 9003). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Seen in groups at night. Also around jetties and other man-made objects; attached to sponges and colonial hydroids in deeper water (Ref. 30915). Length measurements refer to height (= TL - head length). This is the largest seahorse species in southeastern Australia, and has more dorsal fin rays and tail rings than any other seahorse (Ref. 31838). Sold locally and internationally for the aquarium trade (Ref. 31838). Dried and sold to the Oriental medicine trade as a tonic and aphrodisiac (Ref. 5316, 34026).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.us/summary/speciessummary.php?id=46324
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hippocampus abdominalis
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Bigbelly Seashorse
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Hippocampus barbouri
Synonyms:
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 6 - 10 m (Ref. 48635)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 15.0 cm OT male/unsexed; (Ref. 48635)
Distribution: Tropical; 10°N - 5°N
Western Central Pacific: southern Sulu Sea. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 22. Description: (based on 19 specimens). Adult height: 7.8-14.5 cm. Rings: 11 + 34-35 (33-36). Snout length: 2.2-2.3 (2.0-2.6) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 19 (16-22) covering 2+1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 17-18 (15-20). Coronet: medium-high; five sharp spines. Spines: well-developed, usually quite sharp eye spine; first dorsal trunk spine much longer than others and curved backwards; tail spines of different lengths (in regular series e.g. long, short, long, short). Other distinctive characters: double cheek spines, double spines below eye. Color pattern: white to pale yellow to pale brown; reddish brown spots and lines on body; snout often striped; fine lines radiating from eye.
Biology: Unlike most seahorses, this species is often found clinging to hard coral and doesn't seem to be worried about stingers (Ref. 48635). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Popular spiny seahorse in aquarium trade; often sold bleached for traditional Chinese medicine.
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=53789
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hippocampus barbouri
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Barbour's Seahorse
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Hippocampus bargibanti
Synonyms:
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 16 - 40 m (Ref. 30915). Tropical; 3°N - 23°S
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 2.4 cm OT male/unsexed; (Ref. 31803)
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Japan to Queensland, Australia eastward to Vanuatu. Conservation status: data deficient (Ref. 30915). International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13-15. Description based on 4 specimens: Adult height, less than 2.0 cm. Rings, 11-12 + 31-34. Snout length is greater than 4.0 in head length. Dorsal fin rays, 13-15 covering 1+1 rings. Pectoral fin rays, 10. Coronet, a rounded knob. Spine, as irregular bulbous tubercles scattered over body and tail; a single prominent rounded eye spine; a single low rounded cheek spine. Other distinctive characters: head and body very fleshy, mostly without recognizable body rings; ventral portion of trunk segments incomplete; snout extremely short. Color pattern: two color morphs are known: (a) pale grey or purple with pink or red tubercles (found on gorgonian coral Muricella plectana) and (b) yellow with orange tubercles (found on gorgonian coral Muricella paraplectana).
Biology: Only known to occur on gorgonian corals of the genus Muricella, with up to 28 pairs on a single gorgonian. The tubercles and truncated snout of this species match the color and shape of the polyps of the host gorgonian, while its body matches the gorgonian stem. So extreme is this camouflage that the original specimens were only noticed after their host gorgonian had been collected and observed in an aquarium. Post-pelagic young settle on various hosts, but to breed, they appear to prefer the red polyp Muricella spp. That usually grow in depths over 20 m (Ref. 48635). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205).
Data Sheet: http://fishbase.org/summary/Hippocampus-bargibanti.html
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hippocampus bargibanti
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Bargibant's Seahorse, Pygmy Seahorse
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Hippocampus breviceps
Synonyms: Hippocampus tuberculatus
Environment: Marine; demersal; non-migratory; depth range ? - 15 m (Ref. 52034)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9002); common length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9002)
Distribution: Indo-Pacific: endemic to south west Australia. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 19-23; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 4.
Biology: Adults inhabit inshore waters (Ref. 7300). Occur in small to large aggregations in weed patches attached to rocks on sand, mostly in Sargassum weeds (Ref. 9002). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=25926
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hippocampus breviceps
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Short-head seahorse
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Hippocampus capensis
Synonyms:
Environment: Marine; brackish; demersal; non-migratory; depth range 0 - 20 m (Ref. 30915)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 12.1 cm OT male/unsexed; (Ref. 31848); common length : 7.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 4281)
Distribution: Southeast Atlantic: endemic to South Africa. Hippocampus capensis has the smallest known range of any seahorse and was the first to be assessed as threatened on the IUCN Red List, in 1994. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16-18; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 3.
Biology: Found in bays and estuaries among submerged vegetation; diurnal (Ref. 4281, 30915). Can tolerate salinities from 1-59 ppt (Ref. 30915). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Length type refers to Height (= from top of coronet to the tip of straightened tail).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=6303
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hippocampus capensis
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Knysna seahorse
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Hippocampus comes
Synonyms:
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range ? - 20 m (Ref. 52034)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 18.7 cm OT male/unsexed; (Ref. 52034)
Distribution: Tropical; 15°N - 10°S, 91°E - 128°E
Western Central Pacific: Malaysia, Singapore, Viet Nam and Philippines. Confused with Hippocampus kuda. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17 19. Description: (based on 27 specimens): Adult height: 10.7-14.6cm. Rings: 11+35-36 (34-37). Snout length: 2.2 (1.9-2.5) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 18 (17-19) covering 2+1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 17 (16-19). Coronet: small and quite low, with five distinct rounded knobs or spines Spines: knob-like and blunt, to well-developed and quite sharp; often with dark band around them near tip. Other distinctive characters: cheek spines double; double spines below, and sometimes also above eye; prominent, sharp nose spine; snout long and slender. Color pattern: commonly hues of yellow and black, sometimes alternating; striped tail (although this may not be visible in dark specimens); mottled or blotched pattern on body; may have fine white lines radiating from eye.
Biology: Length type refers to Height (= from top of coronet to the tip of straightened tail). This species is mainly found in pairs (Ref. 48635) on coral reefs, sponge gardens, kelp, and floating Sargassum. Nocturnal, site faithful. Feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 85309). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Life span probably more than 2-3 years. Used for traditional Chinese medicine (Ref. 85309).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=53792
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hippocampus comes
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference:
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Tiger Tail Seahorse
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Hippocampus erectus
Synonyms: Hippocampus brunneus, Hippocampus fascicularis, Hippocampus hudsonius, Hippocampus kincaidi, Hippocampus laevicaudatus, Hippocampus marginalis, Hippocampus punctulatus, Hippocampus stylifer, Hippocampus villosus, Syngnathus caballus
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 73 m (Ref. 30915)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 19.0 cm OT male/unsexed; (Ref. 30915); max. reported age: 1 years (Ref. 1285)
Distribution: Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada and northern Gulf of Mexico to Panama and Venezuela. A southern form that may prove to be a separate species is known from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and questionably from Suriname. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 20. Description: (based on 51 specimens): Adult height: 5.5-18.5cm. Rings: 11 + 36 (34-39). Snout length: 2.6 (2.2-3.2) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 18-19 (16-20) covering 2+1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 15-16 (14-18). Coronet: variable, low, triangular wedge, or ridge-like or raised with sharp edges, or with relatively sharp spines. Spines: variable from none, to well-developed with blunt or sharp tips. Other distinctive characters: usually first, third, fifth, seventh and eleventh trunk rings enlarged (in most other species it is the first, fourth, seventh and eleventh); snout usually less than half head length; deep-bodied; cheek spine single or double. Color pattern: base color variable – ash grey, orange, brown, yellow, red or black; brown individuals tend to be paler on ventral side; often with a characteristic pattern of white lines following contour of neck; tiny white dots on tail; may have darker or paler ‘saddles’ across dorsal surface often in line with the more enlarged body rings.
Biology: Generally in coastal waters; often around man-made structures (Ref. 26938). Usually attached to gorgonians or seagrasses but may occur in floating Sargassum or swimming freely in midwater (Ref. 9710). Those that live in Sargassum usually have bony protuberances and fleshy tabs that may serve as camouflage. Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420, 35422). Move into deeper waters during winter (Ref. 36630). Feeds by sucking in small organisms, using its long face as a pipette (Ref. 26938). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Length type refers to Height (= from top of coronet to the tip of straightened tail).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=3283
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hippocampus erectus
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.seahorse.org/library/articles/scaleerectus.pdf
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Lined Seahorse
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Hippocampus fuscus
Synonyms: Hippocampus brachyrhynchus, Hippocampus natalensis
Environment: Demersal; amphidromous (Ref. 51243); marine; depth range 0 - 10 m (Ref. 52034)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 14.4 cm OT male/unsexed; (Ref. 47822)
Distribution: Tropical
Indian Ocean: Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, and Sri Lanka. Records from South Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius and Réunion are questionable. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies.
Description: Dorsalspines (total): 0; Dorsalsoft rays (total): 14-17.
Biology: Length type refers to height (= TL - head length). Occurs in eelgrass beds (Zostera sp.) in lagoons. Used in India for traditional medicines. Diurnal. Adults pair-bond and greet on daily basis in the laboratory (Ref. 30915). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=25955
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hippocampus fuscus
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference:
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Sea pony
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Hippocampus histrix
Synonyms: Hippocamphus hystrix, Hippocampus hystrix
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range ? - 82 m (Ref. 37816)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 17.0 cm TL male/unsexed;
Distribution: Indo-Pacific: Tanzania and South Africa to Hawaii and Tahiti, north to Japan, south to New Caledonia. Reported from the Arafura Sea (Ref. 9819). This name is used for at least four distinct species (Ref. 30915). International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15-18; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 4.
Biology: A rare inhabitant of shallow sheltered reefs, found among clumps of algae or in seagrass beds. Large adult pelagic and probably associated with drifting debris. Associated with sponges and sea-squirts (Ref. 30915, 58302). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205). Use in traditional Chinese medicine is increasing with the rise in patent medicines (Ref. 30915). Not common in the aquarium trade (Ref. 30915).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5954
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hippocampus histrix
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Thorny seahorse
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Hippocampus ingens
Synonyms: Hippocampus ecuadorensis, Hippocampus gracilis, Hippocampus hildebrandi
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 0 - 60 m (Ref. 30915), usually 3 - 18 m (Ref. 5227)
Subtropical
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 30.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 2850)
Length at first maturity Lm 5.4 range ? - ? cm
Distribution: Eastern Pacific: San Diego in California, USA to Peru including the Galapagos Islands. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies. Reported from the San Francisco Bay by Alexander Agassiz (Ron Fritzsche, pers.comm. 08/09).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18-21.
Biology: Nocturnal. Occur in offshore waters, mostly captured by dredging at 10 m or deeper. Occasionally caught at surface. Are often camouflaged within the branches of gorgonians and black coral trees where they are seen to curl their tail around the branches (Ref. 5227). Have been found in the stomachs of Pacific yellowfin tuna and bluefin tuna (Ref. 30915). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=3284
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hippocampus ingens
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference:
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Pacific Seahorse, Panamic seahorse, Giant seahorse
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Hippocampus kelloggi
Synonyms: Hippocampus suezensis
Environment: Bathydemersal, sub tropical and tropical deep water species. Offshore species found near Queensland, South Whales and Phillipines.
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 28.0 cm OT male/unsexed; (Ref. 45091)
Length at first maturity Lm 15.0 range ? - ? cm
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific
Description: Pale seahorse of varying colors often with small white spots, it is reported that males exhibit darker colorations and slimmer body mass. 11 Trunk rings and 39-40 tail rings. Adults are 15-25cm, head is deep with thick snout and cheek spines that are long and curve backwards slightly. rings and spines are prominent but rounded.
Biology: Deep water species, associated with corals (Ref. 52034). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 205). The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail (Ref. 205).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=53815
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Hippocampus kelloggi
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference:
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Fish
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Great seahorse
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