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[Reports]
Species
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Spawning
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Common Name(s) |
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Abudefduf saxatilis
Synonyms: Abudefduf ascensionis, Abudefduf caudobimaculatus, Abudefduf coelestinus, Abudefduf marginatus, Abudefduf saxiatilis, Abudefduf septemfasciatus, Abudefduf sexatilis, Abudefduf vaigiensis, Apogon quinquevittatus, Chaetodon marginatus, Chaetodon mauritii, Chaetodon sargoides, Chaetodon saxatilis, Glyphidodon saxatilis, Glyphisodon biniar, Glyphisodon moucharra, Glyphisodon rahti, Glyphisodon vaigiensis
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 0 - 20 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 22.9 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 26340); common length : 15.0 cm SL male/unsexed; max. published weight: 200 g
Distribution: Atlantic Ocean: Canada (Ref. 5951) to Rhode Island, USA to Uruguay in the western Atlantic, abundant on Caribbean reefs; around islands of the mid-Atlantic, Cape Verde, and along the tropical coast of western Africa south to Angola. This species is strictly an Atlantic species. It is replaced in the Indo-Pacific region by the closely related Abudefduf vaigiensis (G. Allen, pers. comm.).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 12 - 13; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 10 - 12. Greenish yellow above, shading to white below, with 5 prominent vertical black bars that narrow toward belly (Ref. 26938). A faint sixth bar may be present posteriorly on caudal peduncle; a black spot at upper base of pectoral fin. The adult male becomes dark bluish, the black bars thus less conspicuous on the body
Biology: Juveniles are common in tide pools while adults found over shallow reef tops. Adults frequently form large feeding aggregations of up to several hundred individuals. Food items include algae, small crustaceans and fish, and various invertebrate larvae (Ref. 3139). At Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, this species feeds on spinner dolphins’ feces and vomits. The offal feeding may be regarded as a simple behavioral shift from plankton feeding to drifting offal picking. Also, juveniles may hold cleaning stations together with the doctorfish (Acanthurus chirurgus) and the blue tang (Acanthurus coeruleus) and graze algae as well as pick molted skin and parasites from green turtles (Chelonia mydas ). This behavior is preceded by a characteristic inspection usually followed by feeding nips on the turtles’ skin (head, limbs, and tail), as well as on the carapace. The most inspected and cleaned body parts are the flippers (Ref. 48727, 51385). Adult males adopt a bluish ground color when guarding eggs. Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205). Attracted to divers who feed fish. Marketed fresh (Ref. 3139). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=1119
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Abudefduf saxatilis
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Fish
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D
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C
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Sargeant Major
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Acanthochromis polyacanthus
Synonyms: Abudefduf jordani, Acanthochromis polyacathus, Acanthocromis polyacanthus, Chromis desmostigma, Dascyllus polyacanthus, Heptadecanthus brevipinnis, Heptadecanthus longicaudis, Heptadecanthus maculosus, Homalogrystes guntheri
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 65 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 14.0 cm TL male/unsexed;
Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia and the Philippines to northeastern Australia and Melanesia.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 17; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 16; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 14 - 16. Color pattern variable, ranging from entirely blackish to uniform pale gray.
Biology: Inhabits inshore and offshore coral reefs (Ref. 9710). Also found in harbors, lagoons and outer reef slopes. The only pomacentrid species that lacks a pelagic larval stage. One of the very few marine fishes where fry are guarded by the parents (Ref. 9710, 48636). School as they grow and sub-adults are usually seen in small groups. Adults form pairs and are territorial when breeding (Ref. 48636). Monogamous (Ref. 52884).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=6655
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Acanthochromis polyacanthus
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.marinebreeder.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=170&t=6624
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Fish
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D
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A
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Spiny Damsel, Orangeline Chromis
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Amblyglyphidodon curacao
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Fish
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D
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B
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Staghorn Damsel
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Amblyglyphidodon ternatensis
Synonyms: Abudefduf philippinus, Glyphidodon nigrifrons, Glyphisodon schlegelii, Glyphisodon ternatensis
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 1 - 15 m (Ref. 48636)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 10.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7247)
Distribution: Western Pacific: Indonesia to Solomon Islands, north to Ryukyu Islands; Belau in Micronesia.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11-12; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 12 - 13. Silvery to dusky yellow. This species closely resembles the sub adult of A. curacao with obscure stripes, but has a dusky upper caudal peduncle, a series of four light blotches along the base of the dorsal fin, and lower lateral line scale and pectoral ray counts. Eye usually yellow (Ref. 48636).
Biology: Adults are common among coral-rich areas of sheltered coastal reefs (Ref. 9710), with algae and staghorn corals to about 15 m depth, especially around the rock islands in Palau, they aggregate with A. curacao. They spawn in groups and each pair claims a small section of the reef (Ref. 7247). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Eggs are laid on a cleared section of the coral and guarded by the parents (Ref. 48636).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=5692
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amblyglyphidodon ternatensis
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Fish
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D
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B
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Ternate Damselfish
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Amphiprion akallopisos
Synonyms: Amphiprion akallopisus, Phalerebus akallopisos
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 3 - 25 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 11.0 cm SL male/unsexed;
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa, Madagascar, Comoro Islands, Seychelles, Andaman Sea, Sumatra and the Seribu Islands (Java Sea). Not found in Maldives and Sri Lanka (Ref. 4391).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 8 - 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17-20; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 12 - 14. Overall color is orange, with a thin white stripe (very narrow) running along the back from top of the head to caudal peduncle.
Biology: Found in shallow inshore reef habitats, often in strong current zones to about 15 m depth (Ref. 48636). Are protandrous hermaphrodites (Ref. 55367). Each pair is monogamous (Ref. 55367). Each anemone with a large female, a smaller functional male and several stunted juveniles; with the removal of the female, the male changes sex and the largest of the juveniles develops into a functional male (Ref. 4391). Associated with the anemones: Heteractis magnifica and Stichodactyla mertensii (Ref. 5911). May be reared in captivity (Ref. 35420).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8017
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion akallopisos
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Fish
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D
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B
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Skunk Clown
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Amphiprion akindynos
Synonyms:
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 25 m (Ref. 7247)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 9.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 7247)
Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Australia (Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea, northern New South Wales), New Caledonia, and Loyalty Islands. Recently reported from Tonga (Ref. 53797).
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 10 - 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14 - 17; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 13 - 14. Body and head orange with two black-edged white bars; the first running from the top of the head across the face, just behind the eye; the second from the mid portion of the dorsal fin. Caudal peduncle and caudal fin white.
Biology: Occurs in lagoon and outer reefs (Ref. 2334). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35407). Associated with the anemones: Entacmaea quadricolor, Heteractis aurora, Heteractis crispa, Heteractis magnifica, Stichodactyla haddoni, and Stichodactyla mertensii (Ref. 5911).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=11959
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion akindynos
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Fish
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D
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B
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Barrier Reef Clownfish
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Amphiprion allardi
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Fish
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D
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B
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Allard's Clown, Twobar anemonefish
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Amphiprion barberi
Synonyms:
Environment: Reef-associated; marine; depth range 2 - 10 m (Ref. 78105)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 8.6 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 78105)
Distribution: Central Pacific: Fiji, Tonga and American Samoa.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 18; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 14. This pomacentrid species is distinguished by the following characters: D X, 16-18 (usually X, 17); A II, 14; pectoral rays 18 (rarely 17); tubed lateral-line scales 36-43; gill rakers 5 + 12-14 (total 17-19); opercular spinules 11-19; body depth 1.7-1.9 in SL; body color generally red-orange including fins, grading to brownish on upper back of adults and a single white bar immediately posterior to the eye, its greatest width equal to that of eye or greater, narrowing to one-third to one-half of greatest width at dorsal midline (Ref. 78105).
Biology: The species is common on coral reefs, about 2-10 m and is generally commensal with large sea anemones, either Entacmaea quadricolor (Rüppell & Leuckart, 1828) or Heteractis crispa (Ehrenberg, 1834). It is usually seen in groups that swim a short distance above their host anemones, apparently feeding on zooplankton. Reported to have been frequently encountered on local reefs in about 6-8 m depth, usually in association with Entacmaea quadricolor (Paul Brown, National Park of American Samoa, pers.comm.) (Ref. 78105).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=64181
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion barberi
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.orafarm.com/products/fish/clowns/barberi/
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Fish
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D
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A
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Fiji Barberi Clownfish
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Amphiprion bicinctus
Synonyms:
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 30 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 14.0 cm TL male/unsexed
Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea and Chagos Archipelago.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 9 - 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 17; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 13 - 14. Yellow orange with 2 black-edged white bands, the first running just behind the head, the second from the notch between the spinous and soft dorsal fin to the abdomen.
Biology: Inhabits lagoons and outer reefs. Oviparous, with elliptical eggs (Ref. 240). Monogamous (Ref. 52884). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35428). Associated with the anemones: Entacmaea quadricolor, Heteractis aurora, Heteractis crispa, Heteractis magnifica, and Stichodactyla gigantea (Ref. 5911).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=11837
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion bicinctus
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/151/m151p295.pdf
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Fish
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D
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Red Sea (2 Barred) Clownfish
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Amphiprion chrysogaster
Synonyms: Amphiprion fusciventer, Amphiprion mauritiensis
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 2 - 40 m (Ref. 7247)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 15.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)
Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Mauritius.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 17; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 13 - 14
Biology: Found in lagoons and outer reefs. Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420). Associated with the anemones: Heteractis aurora, Heteractis magnifica, Macrodactyla doreensis, Stichodactyla haddoni, and Stichodactyla mertensii (Ref. 5911).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=11839
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion chrysogaster
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Fish
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D
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B
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Mauritian Clownfish
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Amphiprion chrysopterus
Synonyms:
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 30 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 17.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)
Distribution: Pacific Ocean: Queensland, Australia and New Guinea to the Marshall and Tuamoto islands.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 10 - 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 17; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 13 - 14. Body short and deep; the head small. Generally yellow in the body edges, yellow-brown to dark brown in the middle sides, with two white vertical stripes, the first behind the eye and the second before the anus. The fins yellow. Juveniles are a dull orange (Ref. 1602).
Biology: Inhabits passages and outer reef slopes. Known to occur at 25°C. Feeds chiefly on planktonic copepods, algae, echiuroid and sipunculoid worms, and pelagic tunicates. Associated with the anemones: Entacmaea quadricolor, Heteractis aurora, Heteractis crispa, Heteractis magnifica, Stichodactyla haddoni, and Stichodactyla mertensii (Ref. 5911).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=4551
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion chrysopterus
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.reefcentral.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1032143
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Fish
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D
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B
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Orangefin anemonefish
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Amphiprion clarkii
Synonyms: Amphiprion boholensis, Amphiprion clarki, Amphiprion clarkia, Amphiprion japonicus, Amphiprion melanostolus, Amphiprion papuensis, Amphiprion snyderi, Amphiprion xanthurus, Anthias clarkii, Sparus milii
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 60 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 15.0 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 6113); max. reported age: 11 years (Ref. 11318)
Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf to Western Australia, throughout the Indo-Australian Archipelago and in the western Pacific at the islands of Melanesia and Micronesia, north to Taiwan, southern Japan and the Ryukyu Islands.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 16; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 13 - 14. Highly variable in color and several geographical and localized forms (Ref. 48636). Two white bands, one behind the eye and one above the anus. Caudal fin white, sometimes yellowish, but always lighter than rest of the body.
Biology: Inhabits lagoons and outer reef slopes. Omnivorous. Oviparous, with elliptical eggs (Ref. 240). Monogamous (Ref. 52884). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35418, 35420). Associated with the anemones: Cryptodendrum adhaesivum, Entacmaea quadricolor, Heteractis aurora, Heteractis crispa, Heteractis magnifica, Heteractis malu, Macrodactyla doreensis, Stichodactyla gigantea, Stichodactyla haddoni, and Stichodactyla mertensii
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=5448
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion clarkii
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Fish
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D
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A
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Clarkii Clownfish
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Amphiprion ephippium
Synonyms: Amphiprion calliops, Lutjanus ephippium
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 2 - 15 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 14.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710); max. reported age: 16 years
Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, and Java and Sumatra in Indonesia.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 10 - 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 18; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 13 - 14. Orange with a black blotch below the anterior portion of the soft dorsal fin which varies in size from about twice the eye diameter to almost covering whole posterior half of the body. Juveniles lack the black blotch but have a white bar running just behind the head.
Biology: Found in silty coastal waters and protected bays where visibility is often reduced. Usually found in pairs (Ref. 48636). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35413, 35420). Associated with the anemones: Entacmaea quadricolor and Heteractis crispa (Ref. 5911).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=11840
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion ephippium
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://www.sloreef.com/bojan/AmphiprionEphippium.htm
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Fish
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D
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A
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Red Saddleback/Fire Clownfish
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Amphiprion frenatus
Synonyms: Amphiprion polylepis, Prochilus polylepis
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 12 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 14.0 cm TL male/unsexed
Distribution: Western Pacific: Gulf of Thailand to southwestern Palau, north to southern Japan, south to Java, Indonesia.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 9 - 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 18; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 13 - 15. Overall color is orange, with a black-edged bar just behind the head. Body sometimes black especially in older individuals. A second black-edged white bar may be at mid-body.
Biology: Found in lagoon reefs and embayment. Monogamous (Ref. 52884), protandrous hermaphrodite (Ref. 55367). Associated with the anemone Entacmaea quadricolor (Ref. 5911). Has been reared in captivity
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=6522
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion frenatus
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/8446/1/Madhu.pdf
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Fish
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D
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A
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Tomato Clownfish
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Amphiprion latezonatus
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Fish
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D
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B
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Wide Band Clownfish
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Amphiprion latifasciatus
Synonyms:
Environment: Marine; reef-associated; non-migratory; depth range 1 - 12 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 13.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)
Distribution: Western Indian Ocean: Comoros (Ref. 9710) and Madagascar.
Description: Dorsalspines (total): 10 - 11; Dorsalsoft rays (total): 15-16; Analspines: 2; Analsoft rays: 12 - 14
Biology: Adults are found in lagoon and outer reefs, especially coral rich protected areas (Ref. 9710). Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205). Eggs are demersal and adhere to the substrate (Ref. 205). Males guard and aerate the eggs (Ref. 205). Associated with the anemone Stichodactyla mertensii (Ref. 5911).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=11844
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion latifasciatus
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Fish
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D
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B
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Madagascar clownfish
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Amphiprion leucokranos
Synonyms: Amphiprion leucokranus
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 2 - 12 m (Ref. 9710)
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 9.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710)
Distribution: Western Central Pacific: Papua New Guinea, Manus Islands, D'Entreceasteaux Islands, New Britain, and Solomon Islands.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18 - 19; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 13 - 14
Biology: Inhabits lagoons and outer reef slopes. Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420). Associated with the anemones: Heteractis crispa, Heteractis magnifica, and Stichodactyla mertensii (Ref. 5911).
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=9207
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion leucokranos
Has Successfully been bred and raised in captivity
Reference: done by Fernando Nostrapour
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Fish
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D
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B
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Whitebonnet Clownfish
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Amphiprion mccullochi
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Fish
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D
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B
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McCulloch's Clownfish/ Whitesnout anemonefish
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Amphiprion melanopus
Synonyms: Amphiprion arion, Amphiprion monofasciatus, Amphiprion verweyi, Prochilus macrostoma, Prochilus macrostomus
Environment: Reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 18 m
Size/Weight/Age: Max length : 12.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 9710); max. reported age: 5 years
Distribution: Pacific Ocean: Indonesia (from Bali eastward), southern Philippines, New Guinea, Australia (Queensland), New Britain, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu (New Hebrides), New Caledonia, Fiji, Tonga, Samoa Islands, Society Islands, Caroline Islands, Marianas, Kiribati and Marshall Islands.
Description: Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16 - 18; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 13 - 14. Orange with a vertical black-edged white band behind the eye. Small juveniles are red with 1 to 2 additional white bars at mid-body and base of the tail (Ref. 37816). Distinguished by the black ventral fins from other similar species
Biology: Inhabits lagoon and outer reef environments. Feeds predominantly on planktonic copepods and algae. Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35404, 35413, 35420). Associated with the anemones: Entacmaea quadricolor (usually), Heteractis crispa (occasionally), and Heteractis magnifica (rarely)
Data Sheet: http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?ID=4654
WoRMS Link: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&tName=Amphiprion melanopus
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Fish
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D
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A
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Fire/Cinnamon Clownfish
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Amphiprion nigripes
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Fish
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D
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B
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Blackfinned Clownfish
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